The Process of Perception Cervantes Don Quixote and Woolfs Lily Briscoe - Literature Essay Samples

The process of perception involves two steps: the recognition of sensory information and the interpretation of sensory information. In order for the truth to be perceived, or, in other words, for something to be perceived accurately, sensory information must be recognized or identified correctly and then interpreted faithfully according to that recognition. A faithful interpretation is one that does not negate the recognition of sensory information. Truth is not perceived if an inaccurate recognition is interpreted faithfully. An interpretation may take several forms, however, and truth still be perceived, if the recognition is accurate and if the interpretation does not negate that recognition.In Part One, Chapter Eighteen of Cervantes Don Quixote, when the title character enters into battle with a flock of sheep, his perception of the sheep is at first influenced by expectation. In this case the mode of perception is sight; vision is the sensory information that Don Quixote mu st recognize and interpret. Don Quixote and his squire Sancho at first cannot see the sheep because of the clouds of dust they [the sheep] raised, which obscured and blinded their [Don Quixotes and Sanchos] vision (Cervantes 135). Before he can actually perceive the approaching hordes, Don Quixote expects them to be enemy armies ready to clash in battle, because, as the narrator explains, every hour and every minute his mind was always full of those battles, enchantments, adventures, miracles, loves, and challenges which are related in books of chivalry (Cervantes 135). In other words, Don Quixotes madness, caused by literature, prompts him to expect these approaching hordes to be armies.Yet, even after he can see the hordes of sheep, he still believes them to be armies. As the flocks grow nearer, Sancho yells to Don Quixote, who swears to defeat one of the armies, Turn back, Don Quixote, for I swear to God, sir, they are rams and ewes you are going to attack. Turn back! (Cerva ntes 137). Don Quixote, however, ignores his squires warning and attacks the sheep as if they were an enemy army. At this point in the adventure, Don Quixote recognizes the sheep inaccurately as warriors, and interprets them as such. The first stage of his perception is inaccurate‹he does not perceive the truth, but the second stage is accurate. He interprets his vision faithfully according to his recognition, but because the first stage of perception is inaccurate, he does not perceive truth.The knights perception changes, however, after the battle, when Sancho tells him, once again, Didnt I tell you, Don Quixote, sir, to turn back, for they were not armies you were going to attack, but flocks of sheep? (Cervantes 138). It is here that Don Quixote recognizes the truth, and he acknowledges that the hordes were, indeed, sheep. He interprets his recognition unfaithfully, though, because he goes on to claim that an enchanterturned the hostile squadrons into flocks of sheep (C ervantes 139). Such an interpretation negates the correct recognition, and is therefore unfaithful. In this way, Don Quixotes perception changes from inaccurate recognition and faithful interpretation to accurate recognition and unfaithful interpretation. He modifies his perception to accommodate Sanchos objection.Another instance that illustrates Don Quixotes misperception of truth is the famous adventure with the windmills. On this occasion, unlike the battle with the sheep, in which a dust cloud at first impairs his vision, Don Quixote sees and perceives the windmills from the start, yet he still cannot perceive the truth. He says, Look over there, friend Sancho Panza, where more than thirty monstrous giants appear (Cervantes 68). Don Quixotes command to look, and his insistence that the giants appear must mean that he can see them. He recognizes the sight of the windmills inaccurately as giants, and interprets them faithfully as such. As with the sheep adventure, when, a fter the battle, Sancho tells Don Quixote that his perception was wrong, Don Quixotes perception changes from inaccurate recognition and faithful interpretation to accurate recognition and unfaithful interpretation. Sancho says, Didnt I tell your worship to look what you were doing, for they were only windmills? (Cervantes 69). Once again, Don Quixote claims that an enchanter, the sage Fristonturned those giants into windmills (Cervantes 69).The character Lily Briscoe in Virginia Woolfs To The Lighthouse also perceives elements of the world differently from other characters. Like Don Quixote, the mode of Lilys perception is vision. Unlike Don Quixote, whose recognition of the truth changes in the sheep scene, Lilys recognition of the truth that, for instance, Mrs. Ramsay is Mrs. Ramsay, remains constant. Also unlike Don Quixote, whose interpretation takes the forms of words, as in his lengthy enumeration of the knights in the approaching armies, and of action, as in his attack of the sheep, Lilys interpretation takes the forms of thought and of representation in paint. Lily attempts, with little success, to perceive, and, thus to understand Mrs. Ramsay in all her complexity as a woman and as a human being. She uses language of seeing or of vision in order to express her frustration at such a daunting task: Fifty pairs of eyes were not enough to get round that one woman, she thought (Woolf 198). The interpretation for such attempts at perceiving the wholeness of people takes the form of thought. Lilys primary form of interpretation, however, is represented in her painting.The scene Lily paints from the Ramsays summer home in the Hebrides includes Mrs. Ramsay reading to James. Lily recognizes the form of Mrs. Ramsay to be, in fact, Mrs. Ramsay. She skews her interpretation in paint by representing Mrs. Ramsay and James as a purple triangle. It cannot be said, as it could for Don Quixote, that because her interpretation represents Mrs. Ramsay differen tly than she sees them, that Lily does not perceive the truth. There is a crucial difference in these characters interpretations. Don Quixotes belief, for example, that an enchanter has changed armies into sheep belies his recognition. Although he recognizes the truth that the hordes appear as sheep, his interpretation that they are, in fact, warriors negates his recognition. Lilys artistic interpretation of Mrs. Ramsay as a triangle does not negate her recognition of Mrs. Ramsay as herself. Lily does not think that Mrs. Ramsay and James are actually a purple triangle. She tells Mr. Bankes that she had made no attempt at likeness (Woolf 52) in depicting Mrs. Ramsay and James as a triangular shape.Lilys self-consciousness of interpretation, her deliberate modification of perception, marks another crucial difference between herself and Don Quixote: that Lily actively modifies her vision in order to represent truth, whereas Don Quixote modifies his vision in order to represent fa ntasy. Although Cervantes does not give the reader as extensive a view of the minds of characters as Woolf does, he does write that everything that he [Don Quixote] said, thought, or did was influenced by his fantasies (Cervantes 134). As Don Quixote is enumerating the knights in the approaching hordes, even before he can perceive them, the narrator explains that he is carried away by his strangely deluded imagination (Cervantes 136). In this way, Don Quixotes perception, and the modification of that perception‹in response to Sanchos objections, for instance‹is in support of a fantasy, a delusion. He refuses to perceive truth.Lily, on the other hand, is forever in search of perceiving truth. This is, perhaps, the most vital difference between her perception of the world and Don Quixotes. Her goal in changing the composition of her picture, or in representing figures abstractly is not to support a fantasy or a delusion, but, rather, to represent her vision or picture. As she attempts to explain her painting to Mr. Bankes on page 53, she is described as becoming once more under the power of that vision which she had seen clearly once and must now grope for among hedges and houses and mothers and children‹her picture (Woolf). Seeing this picture, this vision, is not easy for Lily; she must strain in order to see the truth of it. As she struggles to see it, always somethingthrust through, snubbed her, waked her, required and got in the end an effort of attention, so that the vision must be continually remade (Woolf 181). Like Don Quixote, Lily changes her perception. Unlike Don Quixote, the changes Lily makes allow her to better perceive the truth. She modifies her interpretation of the world, which she recognizes accurately, according to her sense of her changing vision. She tells Mr. Bankes thatIt was a question, she remembered, how to connect this mass on the right hand with that on the left. She might do it by bringing the line of the branch across so; or break the vacancy in the foreground by an object (James perhaps) so. But the danger was that by doing that the unity of the whole might be broken.Woolf p.53Thus, her interpretation (represented by the painting) must be altered in order to support her vision. These changes in interpretation never negate her recognition of reality, however, and, thus, her perception always supports truth. She enacts changes in visual composition, favoring unity, balance of left and right, and balance of foreground and background. On the last page of the novel, when she sees it clear for a second, she paints a single line in the center of the painting (Woolf 209). The novel goes on to say It was done; it was finished. Yes, she thought,I have had my vision (Woolf 209). With that single line, Lily finishes her painting and is finally able to perceive the truth of her vision. Her long struggle to see and represent her vision is completed.Tracking the recognition and interpret ation of Don Quixote is rather more challenging than tracking Lilys, though, because Cervantes gives us very few glimpses into Don Quixotes mind. The progress of Lilys painting, as she struggles to see her vision and then to complete the painting takes place almost exclusively on a mental plane. The process of perception and its relation to truth are dependent upon the thought processes of accurate recognition and faithful interpretation. These are psychological processes. The reader sees very little of Don Quixotes psychology, and must instead rely on his words and actions, in effect, the residue and result of mental processes, in order to track his changes in perception. In Woolf, by contrast, the reader sees into Lilys thoughts, and consequently can see the actual moment of recognition and the moment of interpretation.Both characters, in the end, perceive some form of truth. Lily perceives it through active pursuit of her vision and, finally, through completion of her paint ing. Don Quixote perceives truth in the end when his madness abates and the goal of his perception is no longer to support a fantasy. In either case, however, the perception of truth leads the character to a better understanding of the world, and marks the completion of a journey. Don Quixote perceives truth and ends his errantry. Lily perceives truth and finishes her painting. The process of perception is the journey. Truth is the end.

advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and...

advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. This essay will initially present the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. It will then go on to critique a qualitative research article yet due to the word count only several factors of this will be critiqued and the article is by Wills et al (2005). Later it will consider the use of the research paper within the clinical practice area; and discuss whether the results are beneficial to the nursing profession. The implications for care delivery will be addressed and finally a conclusion will be given which will include recommendations for future practice through research. There are two forms of†¦show more content†¦The interviews were conducted by the author and this can be seen as making it more reliable as there would be no confusion as to misinterpretation from another interviewer. All interviews were tape recorded which is useful for the interviewer to analyse the data, however notes where not taken and if the tape recorder was lost or broken then there would be no information gained from that interview. Questions that deal with in-depth descriptions are best conducted from a flexible design and unstructured method of data collection (Polit Hungler). A non-directive method was used for the interviews which enabled new perspectives to emerge for example bullying and exercise and Parahoo (2006) strengthens this by saying that conducting qualitative research can allow participants to put responses into context and this will emerge with new data and it is called holistic exploration. Through new perspectives emerging it can give suggestions for future research topics based around obesity and this is an advantage to this research. 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Effects Of Prohibition In The 1920-1933 - 1861 Words

When the prohibition law was passed, it affected many different people in many ways. Prohibition lasted from 1920-1933 during this social experiment it helped us realize as a nation the more serious crimes that were occurring in our nation. Some disrespected the law, people who broke the law became criminals. Many groups fought to up hold the law of prohibition by keeping immigrants and foreign nations out of the U. S’s affairs. While other groups turned to criminal actions such as violence and murders instead of using their rights to free speech. It changed the education in local schools twisted government officials and further worsened racism and segregation in the country. While prohibition was trying to make a positive impact in†¦show more content†¦The eighteen amendment was the first amendment to include a time limit for ratification. Each state was free to ban the making and selling of alcoholic drinking within its borders. This section makes bringing liquor in to a â€Å"dry† state of federal offense. Special state conventions were called to ratify this amendment. This is the only time an amendment was ratified by state conventions rather than state legislatures. Later the twenty-first amendment repealed or canceled this amendment. The effects of Prohibition triggered the rise of mass disobedience to its laws and took the amendments advocates by surprise. Prohibition made the gangster not just well paid, but well liked. The idea that money can buy power was verified by gangsters such as Capone: bootlegging funds led to both political and violent physical power. This power enabled gangs to find new avenues to exploit, as well as new ways to run old types business, such as gambling. Similarly, organized crime continues today because of the prohibition on gambling, prostitution and drugs. Where there is demand, there will be supply. 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Compare the methods poets use to explore ideas about time Essay Example For Students

Compare the methods poets use to explore ideas about time Essay Compare the methods poets use to explore ideas about time in hour and to his coy mistress? The ideas and themes in the poem Hour are about time and how it affects the relationship of two lovers. The narrators ideas on time are that it is short lived when you are in love, and this comes across throughout the poem. In hour the language used is very blunt and this is shown when the poet says time hates love, saying that time is in control and is very powerful. The poet also uses personification; this is shown in, loves times beggar. This suggests to us that time is loves enemy and love is begging time. The word beggar almost makes you feel sorry for love and the poet personifies time as loves enemy. There is lots of imagery used in the poem. For example, in hour Duffy says, But even a single hour bright as a dropped coin, makes love rich. This suggests to the reader that even one hour with your loved one is very precious and should cherish the moment. The idea of cherishing time is also explored in To His Coy Mistress where the man is trying to convince the woman to leap with him and exploring the Idea of living and enjoying your life whilst youre young. In to his coy mistress the language Is creative and Imaginative. The poet uses different types of poetic techniques to show how time can affect the relationship of two lovers. This is shown In to his coy mistress the poet says we cannot make our sun stand still. Like in hour the poet Is trying to say that time Is powerful and In control and you cannot escape It. In to his coy mistress Marvel uses metaphors. For example, Times winged chariot hurrying near, this suggests to us that death will be near.